The book provides a simple and understandable introduction to the fundamental procedures of data collection in psychology and social sciences, as well as to the statistical representation and analysis of the collected data. It is oriented towards the general process of knowledge acquisition in science and illustrates the individual steps from the research question to a scientifically grounded answer based on this process. After presenting the various methods of data collection, the most important ways to prepare and visualize the data in tables, figures, and metrics are introduced. Subsequently, the central questions and testing procedures of inferential statistics are presented, which allow for the generalization of study results to the population.