In the transformation societies of Eastern Europe, new social risks are emerging that did not previously exist. While social policy in Western societies has found responses to these risks, Eastern European societies still need to develop new answers through social policy and social work. This concerns the reforms of the welfare state and the survival of public social security systems, as well as the impacts of efforts occurring in nearly all European countries to dismantle or even privatize these systems. The new social risks also bring up the issue of the overall orientation of politics, especially considering that those on the political stage often have a limited understanding of the victims of these new social risks. Lastly, it involves the possibilities and limitations of social work.