Otto Buxbaum describes solutions to the fundamental problems that still exist in psychiatry despite significant advances. These include, above all, the definition of psychiatric-psychological diagnostic categories, the use of stigmatizing diagnostic categories, particularly psychoses, and a lack of knowledge about the causes of mental disorders and illnesses. A particular issue for affected individuals, such as children, adolescents, and adults, is forensic psychiatric assessments. This is because these descriptions, explanations, and predictions are generally insufficiently precise. Clarifying these issues is based on research findings regarding specifically human self-regulation and self-control, as well as their neurobiological foundations.