A lesion of the peripheral or central nervous system can lead to neuropathic pain. This may manifest as either persistent pain or shooting pain attacks. Specific pain response patterns such as allodynia or hyperpathia, as well as central sensitization, are also possible. Clinical conditions associated with neuropathic pain include, among others, polyneuropathies, postherpetic neuralgias, and central pain syndromes. The book begins with an overview of the presentation of neuropathic pain, while the second main chapter covers general therapeutic options, particularly pharmacological treatment. Finally, the clinical conditions and the appropriate therapy recommendations are presented. The book provides a comprehensive view of neuropathic pain based on scientific evidence, yet is very practice-oriented, starting from the pain symptoms.