The subject of this volume is the societal change of the last four decades characterized by the concept of economization. Starting from a history of the usage of the term that dates back to John Stuart Mill and Karl Marx, it is shown that contemporary representatives of the diagnosis of economization also associate different matters with it. The specific matters depend on the societal conception of the observer, its theoretical embedding, and its metascientific foundation. The author advocates a dialectical conception of society, which is situated within a dialectical-relational theoretical approach. Such an approach is represented by Pierre Bourdieu's genetic structuralism, with its embedded field-theoretical considerations. The author draws on these and connects them.