The Polish poster school of the 20th century enjoys international recognition, and Polish posters are an integral part of renowned art institutions, such as MoMA in New York. This study focuses for the first time on the dimensions of meaning in Polish cultural posters through the works of two famous representatives, Jan Lenica and Franciszek Starowieyski. Both the artistic peculiarities and the social conditions and meanings of their work in the People's Republic of Poland are analyzed. For this purpose, an interdisciplinary approach to posters has been developed, which understands them not merely as advertising media but allows for qualitative statements regarding aesthetics, impact, and social relevance.