Sliding-mode control of PEM fuel cells demonstrates the application of higher-order sliding-mode control to PEMFC dynamics, showing the advantages of sliding modes. The book introduces the theory of fuel cells and sliding-mode control. It contextualizes PEMFCs in terms of their development and within the hydrogen economy and today's energy production situation as a whole. It then discusses fuel cell operation principles, the mathematical background of high-order sliding-mode control, and a feasibility study for the use of sliding modes in the control of an automotive fuel stack. Part II presents experimental results of sliding-mode control application to laboratory fuel cells and addresses subsystem-based modeling, detailed design, and observability and controllability. Simulation results are contrasted with empirical data, and performance, robustness, and implementation issues are discussed.