"Understanding Calcium Dynamics" is a specialized book that explores the role of intracellular calcium as an important signaling molecule in living cells. It highlights the complex temporal and spatial structures of calcium dynamics, which arise from characteristic concentration patterns of a nonlinear system operating far from thermodynamic equilibrium. The book is designed as a collection of educational overviews that address both experimental facts and theoretical models. It is aimed at students and researchers in the fields of biophysics, biochemistry, and applied mathematics, serving as a modern introduction and reference work in this area of study.