As Wolfgang Wickler demonstrates in his brief, compact, and still relevant work since its first publication in 1967, comparative behavioral research aims to describe and document the characteristic behavioral traits and abilities of animals and humans. Contemporary research also seeks to understand why and how these traits have developed. Therefore, a still significant focus of research is the question of the evolutionary origins of the forms, mechanisms, and functions of various behaviors. The methods of phylogenetics, which can be used to reconstruct evolutionary history, are explained. Primarily through the process of homologizing, statements can be made regarding both genetic-organic and cultural evolution, which underpins traditions. The author highlights behaviors that are "historical remnants.".