In the first part of this second volume, users are provided with assistance in selecting and designing important machine components and frame parts, as well as their construction, calculation, and optimization regarding their static, dynamic, and thermal behavior. This section also covers machine setup, hydraulic systems, gears, as well as industrial design and guidelines for machine design. The second part focuses on the measurement-based investigation and assessment of the entire machine tool or its components concerning the properties discussed in the first part of this volume. After an overview of the measurement fundamentals and measuring devices, the procedure for their measurement capture is described. The machine acceptance through test workpieces and the interaction between the machine and the machining process is discussed in detail.