Dopaminergic neurotransmission is crucial for regulating motivated behaviors in humans and is influenced by fundamental stimuli such as food intake and sexuality. Various disorders of dopaminergic transmission have been described in schizophrenia, addiction disorders, and extrapyramidal motor diseases. A common aspect of these theories is the assumption that dopaminergic dysfunction either impairs the experience of pleasurable events or the expectation of impending rewards, thereby affecting motivation for goal-directed behaviors. This volume discusses the respective assumptions regarding dopaminergic dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia, alcohol dependence, and extrapyramidal motor disorders, and relates them to original findings.