Medicine, ethics, and theology embrace various ideas and concepts regarding human suffering, ranging from pain and suffering from loneliness to a lack of meaning or finitude, as well as a religious understanding of suffering grounded in a suffering and compassionate God. In the practices of clinical medical ethics and health care chaplaincy, these diverse concepts overlap. What kind of conflicts arise from different concepts in patient care and counseling, and how should they be dealt with in a reflective way? Fostering international interdisciplinary scientific conversations, the book aims to deepen the discussion in medical ethics concerning the understanding of suffering and the caring and counseling of patients.