The conflict between the humanities and natural sciences is particularly prominent in the current discussion about a changing concept of humanity. This volume contains a series of exemplary conversations in which brain researcher Wolf Singer contrasts the idea of the freely acting human with the largely determined individual shaped by neural processes, while also emphasizing the importance of social and cultural factors for human intellectual development. Singer critically engages with the vision of some futurists who predict the development of artificial brains in the coming years. However, the conversations with Singer also provide insight into his current projects in brain research, offering hope for the development of new therapeutic approaches.