Images are ubiquitous in our culture and are increasingly gaining importance in the sciences as well. Accordingly, in recent decades, there has been repeated talk of a turn towards the image - the visualistic or pictorial turn - without the associated claims being sufficiently substantiated so far. It thus remains primarily an expression of the rapid increase in visual representations in all important areas of society. This volume explores the deeper roots of the image theme to enable its theoretical foundation. On one hand, it addresses the anthropological foundations of the image theme, such as the neurobiology of image perception or the relationship between image and evolution; on the other hand, it provides a brief history of the most important image science traditions. The volume concludes with an initial assessment of the topic.