Are animals living beings with a mind? Do they think? Do they have consciousness? What distinguishes humans from animals? In contemporary philosophy of mind, there is a range of approaches that address such questions, discussing them from different methodological perspectives and arriving at controversial answers. This volume makes important contributions to this discussion accessible for the first time in German and includes essays by Donald Davidson, Daniel C. Dennett, Fred Dretske, Ruth G. Millikan, David Papineau, and John R. Searle, among others. A detailed introduction situates the discussion both systematically and historically, highlighting its significance in current debates within the philosophy of mind.