For a decade, there has been intensive research on Radical Enlightenment - the atheistic, skeptical, and materialistic wing of thought in the late 17th and 18th centuries. Notably, Jonathan Israel has argued for the exciting thesis that these radical Enlighteners are responsible for the achievements of modernity, for freedom and human rights, equality and tolerance, and that Spinozism played a central role in their enforcement. In this volume, eight leading national and international experts engage with Israel's thesis and showcase the diversity and interpretations of Radical Enlightenment. Contributions from Silvia Berti, Wiep van Bunge, Margaret C. Jacob, Anthony McKenna, among others.