When we inquire about the duties and rights we have towards each other, the answer of modernity is that they are duties and rights of equality: equality is the primary normative idea of modernity. This applies in both moral and political contexts. However, the modern justification of the idea of equality is accompanied like a shadow by another attitude: an attitude of questioning equality, which examines equality in its fractures and reflections in the lives of individuals. It becomes clear that the idea of equality can mean restrictions, even distortions and violations for individuals. This is the essence of the questioning of equality: it is a critique of equality measured against the standard of individuality. The volume has been expanded with several essays compared to the original edition.