The discussion about the performance and limits of rationality is one of the main focuses of contemporary philosophical discourse. A significant portion of today's criticism of rationality is, in fact, a critique of the Enlightenment: in the turn against the totalizing nature of concepts, one locates its historical genesis in the Enlightenment. Although the critique of rationalism largely serves as a critique of the dominance of reason during the Enlightenment, the past two centuries of criticism of rationality have yet to be historically or systematically addressed. A comprehensive history of the critique of reason is still pending. Through selected exemplary studies of prominent positions, this volume provides preliminary work for this necessary project.