The philosophical question of the soul is one of the oldest and yet most relevant topics in philosophy. To this day, it remains unclear what constitutes the spiritual or mental and how it relates to the physical. This is evidenced by the current controversies between neuroscience and philosophy regarding human free will. The volume presents the most influential positions on the concept of the soul from antiquity to modern times and also discusses current issues in the philosophy of consciousness. All contributions come from internationally renowned specialists but are explicitly aimed at a broader audience. Thus, the volume provides both a contribution to the current debate on mind and brain and a well-founded introduction to the topic.