This book offers a comprehensive survey of the major schools and figures in moral philosophy, from Socrates to the present day. Written entirely in non-technical language, it aims to be introductory without being elementary, so that readers may quickly engage with selected readings from classic sources. The writings of major philosophers are explained in a structured exploration of recurrently important issues about right and wrong, good and evil, and social relations and religious meaning. The book is a radical revision of Gordon Graham's Eight Theories of Ethics. A hallmark of the new edition is the incorporation of primary readings into the text itself, making the book suitable as a stand-alone publication for any ethics course or for anyone wanting to know the history and arguments of moral philosophy. Primary sources include those from Aristotle, Camus, Hume, Kant, and others.