Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg are the only countries to have legalized active voluntary euthanasia so far. Switzerland has an established practice of assisted suicide. In Germany, however, active voluntary euthanasia is prohibited, and the permissibility of assisted suicide is highly controversial. What are the similarities and differences among these five countries? How did the legalization of active euthanasia come about in the Benelux countries? And will this development spread to other countries? Nicola Jacob raises these and other questions, also considering the European level: Is there a right to active euthanasia under the European Convention on Human Rights? Does the ECHR even compel its member states to regulate active euthanasia in a specific way? This book discusses legal decisions on these matters.