The Acts of the Apostles has regained its significance in the present, as the inquiry into the actual beginnings of the Church and the question of its relevance for the current life of its congregations have been revitalized. It stands as the most important historical-theological document of the canon. New Testament research has increasingly focused on the interpretation of the Acts of the Apostles in recent times. In this context, Rudolf Pesch's commentary sets clear accents: it gives as much attention to the historical-critical examination of the traditions collected and processed by the author of the Acts as it does to the editorial-critical analysis of the theology of the second volume of the Lukan double work. The interpretation of the texts is advanced as far as possible to address the question of the contemporary significance of the canonical testimony; central texts are further illuminated through their historical impact in the following centuries. The commentary takes up, with its characteristic intensity, the question that the Acts of the Apostles itself presents through Philip during his encounter with the Ethiopian eunuch as a guiding principle for his efforts: "Do you understand what you are reading?" (10:30). The reader is drawn into the endeavor to achieve this understanding.