"The Birth of Biopolitics" is a collection of lectures by Michel Foucault delivered in 1979 at the Collège de France. In this work, Foucault deepens the themes of his previous lectures and examines the emergence of a new form of governance shaped by political economy in the 18th century. He analyzes the specific characteristics of liberal governance and the associated challenges that arise from the consideration of life and population. Foucault questions how liberal governance approaches have changed in the context of current governance crises and highlights the two significant currents of 20th-century neoliberalism: German Ordoliberalism and the Chicago School. These lectures are not only an engagement with political philosophy but also a critical analysis of contemporary economic theories and their influence on social policy in the 21st century.