At the same time as the reordering of gender roles during the 18th century, fundamental changes occur in theater in the German-speaking world. Both reorganizations are linked to the social and political upheavals of these decades. The modifications affect the institutional level, with changes in the organization and structure of theater companies; the socio-political level, concerning the function and significance of theater as a crucial medium for the bourgeoisie; and the aesthetic level, involving the play texts and performance style. Due to its public character and influence, the theater becomes a sought-after object of reform in the 18th century. Until now, the focus has been solely on the impact of Enlightenment theater reforms on contemporary theater conditions and concepts, without considering the gender perspective.