This commentary aims to draw lines into the present and to address hot topics, such as the question of peace or the nature of the church, particularly from the perspective of the Sermon on the Mount. A significant aid in this endeavor is the history of reception. It shows us, on one hand, how we as Protestant or Catholic Christians are shaped by the biblical texts and helps us understand ourselves. On the other hand, it indicates where there could be corrective measures that are important for us. Therefore, the history of reception plays a crucial role in this commentary.