Olifantes are wind instruments carved from elephant tusks, often richly decorated with wild and fantastic animals, originating from the Western, Byzantine, and Islamic cultural spheres. Based on the history of the scholarly examination of these artworks as objects, the introductory chapters evaluate the olifantes not only as a visual source for the history of ivory carving but also discuss, alongside the peculiarities of the material, manufacturing techniques, stylistic groups, and iconography, their original use and significance, including magical associations. Their later use and the reception of their sound, which can be heard in its original form on the accompanying CD, are also thoroughly explored. Geographically, the Mediterranean region is highlighted as the center of cultural exchange between the East and the West.