The Second Letter to the Thessalonians is one of the shortest writings in the New Testament. Nevertheless, it has had a strong impact that has persisted throughout church history to this day. This is primarily triggered by the second chapter, which discusses the coming end of times, the prophesied great apostasy, and the so-called Antichrist. The history of the impact of these statements is explored in detail here. Since the beginning of the 19th century, there has been speculation about whether this letter actually comes from Paul. This is the first attempt to explain the Second Letter to the Thessalonians consistently as a document not authored by Paul in a scholarly commentary. Unlike the First Letter to the Thessalonians, this writing cannot be considered a testimony of Pauline theology. However, the letter is an interesting document of early Christian faith, in which the handling of the delayed fulfillment of an urgent expectation of the Parousia has been attempted. The author found a model for Christian life between the times that still proves effective today and can serve as a guide for faith.