Everything about thermoforming. Thermoforming is considered the area with the greatest growth in plastic processing, both for technical molded parts and for packaging. In packaging technology, thermoforming is mostly unrivaled. The success of the first and second editions, along with significant technological changes in thermoforming and new applications, has led to a largely revised and expanded third edition. Completely new are the chapters: "Thermoforming Tools," "Decoration in Thermoforming," and "Energy Consumption of Thermoforming." In addition to thermoplastics, all process steps in thermoforming, the essential types of machines, and the fundamentals for building molds and tools are comprehensively described and illustrated with practical examples. A practical book for beginners.