Only those who know mistakes can develop strategies to avoid them. Even experienced surgeons encounter surprises and unexpected situations. In such cases, it is crucial to act correctly, limit the damage, and learn from mistakes. All examples are based on actual cases and are described in a practical manner along the following questions: What mistakes have my colleagues made? What legal consequences did they face? How can I avoid a similar case, or if it has already occurred, what can I do to limit the damage? With additional notes on the current standards in diagnostics, therapy, and documentation, the book serves as a practical tool for quality assurance in surgery. The content of the book is available to you at no additional cost digitally on the knowledge platform eRef.