Only those who are aware of mistakes can develop strategies to avoid them. Even experienced intensive care physicians and anesthetists encounter surprises and unexpected situations that require quick solutions in the intensive care unit and operating room. To establish a transparent approach to errors, the authors describe 100 anonymized, personally experienced anesthetic incidents or reports from the CIRS-AINS database. All cases are described in a practical and illustrative manner. With the additional error analyses and recommendations for error prevention, the book serves as a practice-oriented tool for quality assurance in intensive care medicine. The comprehensive error matrix provides the reader with a systematic and well-structured overview of various error patterns. All case reports are uniformly structured: background description of the situation.