The papal authority took shape in various ways during the Middle Ages. It was based not only on the idea of primacy that the Bishop of Rome claimed as the successor of the Apostle Peter but also on a range of strategies, symbolic signs and actions, specific forms of communication and organization, as well as an arsenal of representation possibilities. Additionally, the concrete secular rule over the Patrimony of Peter was included. This entire framework of papal power and governance development has only been partially researched and is examined in this volume across different fields.