Markus Baum focuses on two forms of justification and theory: the communication theory of Habermas and the older Critical Theory. His aim is to demonstrate that the claims of the theory of communicative action can only be fulfilled if specific intentions of the older Critical Theory are integrated into Habermas's framework. Starting from this discussion, the method of hermeneutic interpretation, the concept of social struggle, and the realm of the aesthetic are carefully situated within the paradigm of intersubjectivity, ensuring they do not contradict its axiomatic assumptions. The recovery of the intentions of the older Critical Theory paves the way for a Critical Social Theory of Communication.