The analysis category "disability," which has received little attention in contemporary history, opens up a new perspective on complex social and cultural contexts in the Federal Republic of Germany. Under the guiding question of how the category "disability" is constituted in scientific and political discourses, Elsbeth Bösl examines German disability policy. The historical analysis reveals that this policy was primarily focused on the functional normalization of people with disabilities as well as the establishment of employability and productivity until the mid-1970s.