Neutrality is a fundamental requirement for a mediator. How is this neutrality defined? In what ways does the mediator assess their neutrality? When does this assessment take place? How does neutrality differ from the also required impartiality? What differences exist in neutrality between an internal mediator and an external mediator? The author examines these important questions and provides answers. Starting from the observation that the term "neutrality" is ubiquitous in mediation and has been used for a long time, Rodigast researches historical sources, relevant literature, the current German legal situation, reference points from various professional associations, as well as analytical and systemic cross-references. As a result, he finds that neutrality is perceived and interpreted in various ways.