In the debate surrounding #MeToo, the consent of the affected women has once again emerged as a central concept, as it has in the past. Geneviève Fraisse traces the different meanings and interpretations of this seemingly clear term in political theory, from Milton and Rousseau to Durkheim and Judith Butler. She demonstrates that it is by no means unambiguous: it can refer to both the collective and the individual, and it is applied differently to women and men. Through the lens of the veil and prostitution, she examines consent primarily in terms of what conception of citizenship and individual autonomy is expressed within it. In a new afterword, she specifically addresses the #MeToo debate. Her central question is to what extent the concept of consent is relevant in the political sphere.