Not only as a physician working in a clinic or in private practice in child and adolescent psychiatry and psychotherapy, one is repeatedly confronted with mental illnesses or psychological disorders in children and adolescents, where the question of medication treatment arises. This practice-oriented short guide is therefore particularly aimed at physicians in training, pediatricians, general practitioners, psychologists or psychological psychotherapists, as well as special or rehabilitation educators, therapeutic educators, school teachers, and staff from youth services or other public institutions. The volume illustrates the possibilities, but also the limitations and dangers of medication treatment with psychotropic drugs in children and adolescents. The theoretical foundational knowledge is illustrated by a series of case examples, in which the reader is encouraged to engage.