Using one of the oldest industrial regions in the world as an example, this work presents the great diversity of anthropogenically influenced urban and industrial soils. The authors place particular emphasis on the various soil parameters that affect plant growth suitability. For urban planning requirements, assessment schemes for the protection of urban soils are integrated. Furthermore, the situation regarding pollutant contamination and the associated ecological and human toxicological risk potential typical of urban locations is highlighted. For needs-oriented urban planning considerations, a systematic description of technogenic substrates (ashes, slags, etc.) is presented in connection with the contamination situation. The book synergistically summarizes the findings of long-term scientific foundational research and municipal, often more needs-oriented, research.