Visual impairments in childhood are not solely caused by ophthalmological anomalies. Early childhood brain damage can also affect the development of visual perception. These centrally caused developmental disorders are referred to as cerebral visual impairments, or CVI (Cerebral Visual Impairment) in children. To reliably assess CVI, a neuropsychological diagnostic standard is required, and the development of this standard is the focus of this work. Additionally, a comprehensive neuropsychological characterization of children at risk for CVI is conducted. This assessment takes into account not only visual perception but also cognitive abilities and non-cognitive aspects, such as social behavior. For this purpose, children and adolescents at risk for CVI, as well as those with visual impairments or visual disabilities, were studied.