From an anthropological perspective, religion is only a good recommendation if it supports the individual in being human or allows them to emerge as a person through an appropriate culture of belief. This includes the ability to lead a non-prescriptive life in freedom under given conditions and to experience oneself as a subject. The interdisciplinary contributions of this book address the associated challenges. Starting from the critical question of how much the empirically observable practice of Christianity takes into account the humanity of the individual, categories and criteria for an understanding of religion are discussed, in which the humanity of the individual is not primarily regarded as a problem, but as a concern of theological work.