In modern times, churches function as public signs of transcendence, detached from issues of church membership, yet open to spirituality beyond confessional boundaries and receptive to various meanings. They serve as collective memory stores for events in neighborhoods and cities, and are refuges of otherness. The renewed interest in religious spaces should prompt reflection within theology. What changes in individual piety and what transformations of institutional forms of religion are at play? How can the need for "sacred spaces" be understood from a religious hermeneutical perspective, and how can the spatiality of religion and the religiosity of space be categorically defined? With the question of space as a dimension of religious experience, theology is related to "spaces" in other sciences, focusing on the performative space of theology.