Isabelle Frohne-Hagemann and Heino Pless-Adamczyk have made significant contributions by providing the foundations for disorder-specific indications in music therapy for children and adolescents, as required by psychotherapy methods today. The authors adopt an integrative perspective that illustrates the specific music therapy diagnostics against the backdrop of various theoretical models from other approaches. The concluding manual offers a practice-oriented overview of the relevant disorders according to ICD-10 and exemplifies the relationship-enhancing functions that music can have in the music therapy treatment of specific symptomatology.