The book introduces readers to the Euroregion Spree-Neisse-Bobr in southern Brandenburg, its inhabitants, culture, and the regional settlement history from the Neanderthals to the early 15th century. It begins with nature myths and legends, which reflect the early mindset of the people and lead to an initial understanding of the region and its residents. But who were these settlers? Did Germans live here? Where did the Slavs come from? What is the difference between Sorbs and Wends? A particularly prominent figure in the eastern Lower Lusatia was Margrave Gero. What kind of person was he—a tyrant and 'Slav killer' or a son of his time, a military leader, and diplomat? The settlement of the Euroregion Spree-Neisse-Bobr forms the main part of the book. Special attention is given to the immigration of Slavic peoples and the western expansion of the region up to the 15th century. The book addresses the question of why there was a resettlement by western migrants, the practical implementation, and the initiators and founders of towns. Additionally, it examines the role of the German and Polish nobility and the churches in these events.