Two interpretations of the present world are currently in the foreground: the idea of the end of history, meaning the homogenization of modern societies under the signs of liberal democracy and market economy, and the forecast of a clash of cultures. According to Eisenstadt, both interpretations are incorrect. His general diagnosis is rather that we are currently observing the often conflict-ridden development of several types of modernity. Almost everywhere, the various institutional spheres—economy, politics, family—exhibit relatively independent characteristics that are combined differently in various societies and developmental periods. We can no longer assume that all features of Western European modernity will naturally prevail in all other civilizations. Therefore, Eisenstadt's interest is directed towards.