The book provides comprehensive fundamentals of modern techniques in distributed and parallel data management, which form the foundation of modern information systems. Starting with an examination of the architectural variants arising from distributed and parallel hardware infrastructures, it addresses the areas of data distribution, query processing, and consistency assurance. For each area, methods and techniques for classical distributed, parallel, as well as modern massively distributed and massively parallel architectures are presented and discussed in terms of their characteristics. In this way, the authors bridge the gap between classical methods and current developments in the cloud and big data environment.