The book describes the development of hydraulic engineering and water management in Germany from its beginnings in Roman times to the current situation. Significant changes in historical development were often marked by particular natural events, epidemics, scientific and technological advancements, and not least by politics and legislation. The reader gains an in-depth insight into the subfields of waterways and ports, dams, hydropower plants, flood protection, coastal protection, water supply, as well as wastewater management and water protection through the chronological presentation. In addition to reflecting on a fascinating piece of technological history, the book also addresses the current state of knowledge and its applications in today's practice. Controversial aspects regarding the balancing of interests between hydraulic engineering on one hand and nature conservation on the other are also discussed.