The years 1989 and 1991 mark a turning point in political and political science perspectives, which can only be inadequately described by the concepts of "End of History" (Fukuyama) versus "Return of History" (Kagan). While the dissolution of the Soviet Union also meant the end of bipolar bloc confrontation on an international level, the initial assumption that capitalism, in conjunction with democratically structured systems, would inevitably evolve into a fundamental and universal model of orientation has now been somewhat relativized. The democratization and transformation theory conceived in light of the events of 1989 and 1991 focuses on the decline of socialist system structures. In contrast, states like the People's Republic of China, which aspire to transform their political system along Western lines, stand in opposition to this.