The research conducted in the post-PISA phase, particularly in mathematics didactics and the didactics of the natural sciences, focusing on task-oriented teaching design, also promises relevant results for the subject of sports. Which research paradigms are preferred in sports didactics, what the guiding research questions are, and whether the findings actually provide guidance for the design of physical education classes—these questions are addressed and answered for the first time in the contributions of this volume in the series 'Education and Sports'.