The collected volume analyzes the rise and fall of Western dominance as a global fundamental problem. By presenting twelve modern classics on this topic, which stand out due to their particular theoretical and empirical value, the diversity of explanatory approaches is explored. These approaches address both geographical and natural resources, as well as cultural achievements and values. Others highlight institutions and organizational patterns as crucial determinants. Ultimately, it becomes clear that the rise and fall of Western dominance can only be understood as a multi-causal phenomenon. The comparative concluding examination provides a systematic approach for this.