The political system of Bosnia and Herzegovina reflects the outcome of the war from 1992 to 1995. The constitutional practice since the 1990s has solidified conflicts and institutions. Attempts at constitutional reform have repeatedly failed. On the path to EU membership, Bosnia and Herzegovina must align individual citizen rights and the group rights of the three constituent peoples (Bosniaks, Croats, Serbs) with European standards. The extent to which this can succeed within the narrow framework of the Dayton-Paris peace agreement is discussed by the authors in relation to the constitution, institutions, parties, the role of the international community, and the media and civil society.