Europe is currently under pressure not only economically. With the reunification of the continent, a pre-democratic model of nations has been revived, granting civil rights based on cultural affiliations. The politicization of cultural differences weakens states in their social cohesion and threatens their sovereign rights. This book illustrates how authoritarian systems of the 20th century misused culture for concepts of Europe that were based on legal inequality, social exclusion, and wars. Our present-day Europe will only survive as a peace project if it preserves democracy and the rule of law as cultural achievements and renews its commitment to non-interference and the territorial integrity of states.